Sunday, January 14, 2024

Week 1 - Homeostasis: Elaborate - Congestive Heart Failure & Feedback Loops

 

  • Collapse Subdiscussion Jorge Sosa Castellanos

    Jorge Sosa Castellanos

  • The example above is a description of a positive feedback loop. This is because rather than reversing the symptoms, it intensifies a change in the body, such as adding more stress to the heart due to increased water volume in the blood vessels. The receptor in this example is the kidneys, and the effector here is the heart for attempting to retain more water. 

     

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  • I think the example of CHF is a negative feedback because the kidneys (receptors) are sensing a decrease in blood flow. To try and maintain homeostasis they release hormones (effector) to enhance blood flow by retaining more water in the body. Although this process actually put more stress on the heart which further reduces blood flow to the kidneys and other organ some may think that it's a positive feedback because it's continuing to make the situation worse and not returning the body to homeostasis. I think it's negative feedback because the kidneys are doing what they are supposed to do in maintaining homeostasis even if homeostasis isn't achieved. 

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  • I think that the description above is positive feedback loop. The receptor would be the longer and glands release hormones that retains more water.and the effector is the decreased blood flow.

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  • I believe that this is a situation of a positive feedback loop because the stress on the heart is only being amplified by being given more water in the body. It is not a negative feedback loop because it is not bringing the body back to homeostasis. In this situation, the receptors would be the the kidneys, as they are sensing the decreasing blood flow. The liver and glands are the effectors as they are trying to release hormones to retain more water, which the action they are doing.
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    • I believe the above description is an example of a positive feedback loop, as the ultimate outcome is a further reduction in blood flow, indicating that the feedback loop is operating in the same direction as the deviation. In other words, the loop is moving farther and farther away from the set point. If this were a negative feedback loop, it would function in the opposite direction of the deviation to counteract the decreased blood flow. Thus, a negative feedback loop would allow for more blood flow, which is evidently not the case. Furthermore, the receptors in this example are the kidneys, which detect changes in blood flow, and the effectors are the lungs and glands, which directly produce a response that affects the body's condition. In this case, the effectors cause the body to retain more water and subsequently, decrease blood flow. 

    Edited by Elizabeth Galeana on Jan 10 at 3:16pm

    • I agree this is a positive feedback loop because of the key phrase moving farther from the set point as the video showed us. There is a reduction on in the blood flow which is hinting that the body is being overworked and going into possible cardiac arrest trying to achieve homeostasis. The receports are indeed the kidneys and effectors are liver and glands.

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  • Given the example of CHF, I would call this a positive feedback loop, given that the efforts of the body attempting to fix the issue only make it worse. As the body tries to increase bloodflow the same way it would with shock, by increasing volume, it increases preload on the heart. Normally this is a positive effect in mechanical or hypovolemic shocks, but with CHF it only serves to worsen the problem, as the heart/pump itself is the cause of the issue, not the pump supply. Normally, increasing preload increases afterload, as it causes stronger contractions in the heart, but in this case, the ability of the heart to contract is the issue causing the problem. The kidneys are the receptor, as they detect the decreased blood flow. The effectors are the liver and glands which release hormones for water retention, which is designed as a solution to the problem.

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  • I think its a positive feed back because positive feed back means when it amplifies and from the picture it seems to be getting bigger and its increasing its volume. The kidneys are the receptors as they manage the blood flow within more and less. The effectors I believe is something to do with glands and the liver 

    Edited by Cordell Reed on Jan 10 at 4:24pm
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  • The described scenario in congestive heart failure exemplifies a positive feedback loop. This classification is substantiated by the fact that the response to the initial issue amplifies the problem rather than rectifying it. The kidneys, serving as the receptors in this context, detect the diminished blood flow and initiate a response. The effector in this feedback loop is represented by the liver and glands, which release hormones to retain more water, resulting in an augmented blood volume. Unfortunately, this heightened fluid volume intensifies the strain on the heart, leading to a further decline in blood flow to the kidneys and other organs. This continual cycle of escalating consequences epitomizes the positive feedback loop in CHF, wherein each stage reinforces the primary problem instead of fostering homeostasis.

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  • I think the example above represents a description of a positive feedback loop because the kidneys sense a decrease in blood flow, so the liver and glands try to enhance blood flow, but it instead adds more stress to the heart since water volume was increased that it further reduced the blood flow which a positive feedback loop amplifies changes and the change that was amplified was the blood flow decreasing. Nothing was counteracted as what a negative feedback loop would do. What might be the "receptor" in this example were the kidneys as they sensed the decreased blood flow, and the "effector" were the liver and glands as they released hormones attempting to increase blood flow. 

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  • I think that this example of CHF is a description of NEGATIVE feedback. The body senses a decreased flow of blood and the the liver and glands try to enhance blood flow by retaining water, resulting in more stress on the heart. The body's response triggered a counteractive response to bring the body back to the set point. 

    The RECEPTOR in this case is the Kidneys because it sensed the decrease in blood flow

    the EFFECTOR is the Liver and Glands because by releasing the hormones, it effected a change

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  • I believe that the example above is a description of a positive feedback loop. Once the kidneys sensed that blood flow was decreasing they tried to counteract this by releasing more hormones. Rather than increasing the blood flow, the kidneys ultimately made it even more difficult for the heart to pump blood through the body. In this example I think that the receptor are the kidneys since they were the part of the body to sense the decreased blood flow. As for the effector, I think that it would be the liver and glands since they're releasing hormones to try to get the blood to flow regularly again. 

    Edited by Angelica Galdamez Gutierrez on Jan 11 at 1:20pm
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  • I think that in the example, it's an example of a positive feedback loop because the stress on the heart only caused blood flow to thin further. In this case, the actions are bringing the system away from the normal range. I think I could benefit from researching or learning more about what constitutes as a counter action in feedback loops though because one of the responses mentioned that the body tries to counter the change and that the kidney is doing it's intended job. However, for me "the body's response amplifies that deviation" tells me that this is a positive feedback loop because of the amplified blood flow decrease. In this example, the receptor could be the kidneys and the effector could be the hormones that are released by the liver and glands. However, I'm not confident about what the effector is, I'm not sure if hormones can be effectors or if only organs can be. 

    Edited by Michelle Yun on Jan 11 at 4:11pm
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  • I think the above example is a description of a positive feedback loop. Rather than the body trying to regulate the process, the issue is intensifying. Hormones are being released in an attempt to enhance blood flow in which the body retains water. Increased water volume in blood vessels puts more strain on the heart which eventually reduces even more blood flow to the kidneys and other organs. The reduction of blood flow is where the intensification occurs. I think the receptor are the kidneys and the effector are the liver and glands secreting hormones.

    Edited by Elex Felix on Jan 11 at 10:49pm
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  • I'm not quite sure, but I believe the kidneys is the receptor because it is the one that detected the change. I think it is positive feedback because instead of the problem getting better it is getting worse. I'm not quite sure what the effector is. 

     

    Edited by Jasmin Villicana-Lopez on Jan 12 at 9:44am
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  • I think that in CHF, this is an example of a positive feedback loop because the liver and glands are releasing more hormones to try to enhance blood flow by retaining more water, which in turn doesn't seem to help because the stress on the heart further reduced the blood flow instead of trying to balance it out.  I think the receptor in this scenario is the kidneys because they sense the decrease in blood flow.  The effector might be liver and glands because they release hormones to try to enhance blood flow by retaining more water in the body. 

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  • I think this is an example of a positive feedback loop. The increased stress placed on the heart causes the heart to expand causing the size to stray further away from the starting point. The receptor in this example would be the kidneys. The effector would be the liver and glands. 

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  • I think the description above is a positive feedback loop because the increase in water volumes is reducing blood flow to the kidneys and other organs which is moving it farther away from the set point. The receptor might be the kidneys which sense the decrease in blood flow. I think there is no effector in this example because there is no change on going back to its normal range of blood flow. 

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  • I think the example above describes a positive feedback loop as the liver and glands release hormones in hopes of enhancing the blood flow by retaining more water in the body, which has decreased the success of the heart pumping blood effectively around the body and organs. The effectors are the liver and glands as they are receiving a response to release hormones to increase blood flow. While the receptor is the kidney that senses the decreased blood flow. 

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  • I believe it would be negative feedback because of the fact that the liver is trying to makeup for the decrease in blood flow. I think that the receptors would be the kidneys. The kidneys are acting as a sensor because it was the first to detect the decrease in blood flow.
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  • The example above is a description of a positive feedback loop because the reactions towards the decreased blood flow in the body had only worsened. The decreased blood flow caused the liver and glands to react, resulting in more water being retained. Rather than improving the blood flow by withholding the water, the pressure of the water had made it worse rather than improving it.  

    The receptor in this example could be the kidneys. They sensed the decreased blood flow before the liver and glands began to release the hormones.  

    The effector in this example could be the liver and glands. The liver and glands had directly attempted to improve blood flow by releasing hormones to retain water to enhance it.  

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  • I think this example is a description of positive feedback loop because the heart isn’t effectively returning back to its normal state. Instead we see a spiral of complications after complications. On the other hand negative feedback loop would be the opposite and the heart would be trying to decrease whatever got us out of homeostasis. In this case I believe the receptor is the kidneys. The effector would be the liver and glands.
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  • The description above for CHF, also known as Congestive Heart Failure, is an example of a positive feedback loop. CHF is a disorder in which the heart muscle weakens and its ability to pump blood adequately is reduced. The other organs of the body are alerted to this condition through positive feedback loops. This loop magnifies the deviation, causing the body to retain more water and increasing stress on the heart's blood vessels.  Instead of  helping the condition, the organ will continue to get insufficient oxygen due to decreased blood flow, resulting in acute or chronic organ failure. The kidney is the receptor, whereas the liver and glands are the effectors.

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  • I think this is an example of positive feedback. When the liver and glands release more hormones to try to enhance blood flow, it actually causes an increase in water volume which further reduces blood flow to the kidneys and organs. An increase in water volume is what causes more stress to the heart. In this example the kidneys are the "receptor/sensor" because they are what sensed the decreased blood flow. The "effector" would be the liver and glands because they are the ones that release hormones to try to enhance the blood flow. 

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  • Based on the given scenario, I think it is a positive feedback loop because in a negative feedback loop as we know will try to optimize or keep the environment in homeostasis, but the scenario tells us that in CHF the heart fails to efficiently pump blood around the body, and as the body tries to go back to the set point or homeostasis, it ultimately fails and only adds stress tot he heart reducing the amount of blood flow to the kidneys and other organs. This is not negative but positive as positive feedback loops amplify that deviation and only reduce the amount of blood flow even more. The receptor is the kidneys as it detects/ senses the decreased blood flow, the effector is the liver and the glands.

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  • After reading the paragraph I would say that it is a positive  Feedback Loop. I think it’s a positive feedback loop because there’s many things going on. It is an initial change and also decreasing and increasing in the whole process. The “receptor” would be the Kidneys. I think it’s the Kidneys because Kidneys are known to signaling the body and also the kidneys decrease the blood flow in one’s body. The “effector” would be the liver and the glands of the body. I think it’s the liver and the glands on the body because these organs are known to increase the blood flow in someone’s body. In over all these organs help keep the body functioning and work properly.
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  • I believe that this example is negative feedback. The receptor in this example are the kidneys. The effect is example would be the liver and the glands.
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  • I believe the example is a positive feedback loop. In the case of CHF, the blood flow is reduced by heart failure while the kidney needs a certain amount of blood flow. In the man time, the liver and glands release hormones to maintain normal blood flow by retaining more water in the body. The increased water volume in the blood vessel gets more stress on the heart and futhur reduces the blood flow to the kidneys and the other organs. That means the liver and other glands release hormones to promote the blood supply which represents the positive feedback mechanism. 

    The kidneys might be the "receptor" and the liver and glands are the "effector".

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  • I think this is an example of negative feedback loop because the kidneys act as receptors by detecting a decreased blood flow and the liver glands act as an effector by releasing hormones to try to enhance blood flow by retaining more water in the body. However, the increase water does not get the body back into homeostasis but instead put more stress on the heart and worsens the blood flow to other organs. This is essentially the body trying to self correct or counter act itself but it's unable to do so. 

    Edited by Michael Terrell Jr on Jan 13 at 3:27pm
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  • The example of CHF represents a positive feedback loop. This is because the initial response of the heart's failure to pump blood is increased in the end. If it were a negative feedback loop, the release of hormones to retain water in the body would cause the heart to better pump blood in the end. The "receptor" in this example is the kidneys because they sense the decreased blood flow. The "effector" in this example is the liver and glands because they respond by releasing hormones to try and fix the issue. 

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    • I believe the example being presented to us is a positive feedback loop because of how the statement is phrased. It seems like the loop is pushing in the same way as the deviation. The blood flow was low and hormones were released which in turn would cause a reaction that would put more stress on the heart which would further lower the blood flow.

    The receptors in this example are the kidneys.

    The effectors in this example are the liver and glands.

    • Hello Justin,
      Your interpretation aligns with the characteristics of a positive feedback loop. The cumulative effect you highlighted, where each step reinforces the deviation, supports the notion of a positive feedback mechanism. Identifying the kidneys as receptors and the liver and glands as effectors is a sound analysis, recognizing the key components of the feedback loop.
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  • The example described seems to illustrate a positive feedback loop. In this scenario, the initial problem (heart failing to pump efficiently) triggers responses (release of hormones, water retention) that intensify the issue rather than correct it. The evidence supporting this interpretation lies in the escalation of stress on the heart due to increased water volume, creating a cycle of worsening conditions. The "receptor" could be the kidneys sensing decreased blood flow, while the "effector" might be the release of hormones and water retention by the liver and glands.
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  • I believe that the example of CHF on the body is a positive feedback loop as the body is moving further away from homeostasis as blood flow is continued to decrease.

    The “receptor” in this example is the kidney that senses the decreased blood flow.

    The “effector” in this example is the hormones released by the liver and glands to try and enhance blood flow.
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  • I believe that CHF may be a positive feedback loop. I say this because the heart is not pumping enough blood around the body and when the water volume increases in the blood vessels, it put more stress on the heart which continues to reduce the blood flow around the body. I believe the receptors are the kidneys and the effectors are the hormones released by liver and glands.

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  • I think that the example above is a description of a positive feedback loop. In a positive feedback loop you intensify a variable. In this case we see that the increase of water volume causes more stress on the heart. A negative feedback loop would try to keep negative feedback within a normal range. The receptor in this example are the kidneys because they note the decrease in blood flow. The effector in this example may be the hormones released by liver and glands.

    Edited by Shariany Moreno on Jan 14 at 12:30am
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  • I think the example of CHF is a description of a positive feedback loop because the condition appears to move farther away from the set point. Instead of the organs in the body working to return the body to homeostasis or normal working conditions, the blood flow reduces even more, leading to less blood to the kidneys and other organs. Additionally, there is increased strain on the heart due to the increased water retention and volume in the blood vessels. These amplified conditions on the body demonstrate a positive feedback loop due to the intensified, negative stress on the body.  A positive feedback loop has an intensified change instead of returning the body to homeostasis or stable conditions. In congestive heart failure, the body's condition worsens as there is even less blood flow and it deviates farther from returning to regular conditions. In the example, I think the receptor is the kidneys which sense the decreased blood flow. The effectors are the hormones from the liver and glands that try to retain more water in the body as it causes the change in the body's condition. 

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  • I believe this is an example of a positive feedback. As the video mentioned "more and more" blood is being reduced to the kidneys and other organs thus deviating further from homeostasis. The receptors might be kidneys and the effector might be the liver and glands.

    Edited by Jocelyn Perez Diaz on Jan 14 at 1:55am
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  • I thinks it is the positive feedback loop because the  heart unable to pump enough blood to supply the whole body . The receptor (kidney ) detect the insufficient blood flow. So that the effector liver and gland  trying to increase the blood flow.

    Edited by Phyu Phyu Thant on Jan 14 at 2:55am
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    • I Think the example above is a description of a positive feedback loop , I think this because the blood not being efficient to pump blood then causes water volume to put more stress on the heart going in the same direction of worsening '' amplifying the deviation ''. Evidence supporting my answer is the heart condition continuing to be not efficient . The receptor might be the kidney . The effector might be the liver and glands now trying to enhance blood flow .

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