Pleura:
Location: The pleura is a double-layered membrane that lines the chest cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura).
Tissue Types: The pleura consists of connective tissue, including mesothelial cells. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the pleural space.
Function: The pleura serves as a protective barrier, reducing friction during lung movement and allowing efficient expansion and contraction during breathing.
Impact of Asbestos:
When asbestos fibers are inhaled, they can penetrate the pleura. These spiky fibers irritate and damage the mesothelial cells.
Over time, chronic inflammation occurs, leading to thickening of the pleura (known as pleural plaques). These plaques reduce the pleura’s elasticity and impair lung expansion.
Additionally, asbestos exposure can cause pleural effusion, where fluid accumulates between the pleural layers. This further restricts lung movement and impairs gas exchange.
The presence of asbestos fibers within the pleura can lead to fibrosis (scarring), making it harder for oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through the pleural layers. Breathing becomes increasingly difficult for the plaintiff.
Alveolar-Capillary Membrane:
Location: The alveolar-capillary membrane is found within the lungs, specifically at the interface between the alveoli (air sacs) and the pulmonary capillaries.
Tissue Types: This membrane consists of:
Type I alveolar cells: Extremely thin squamous epithelial cells that form the alveolar walls.
Endothelial cells: Line the pulmonary capillaries.
Function: The alveolar-capillary membrane facilitates gas exchange—oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli for exhalation.
Impact of Asbestos:
Asbestos fibers can reach the alveoli when inhaled. Once there, they interact with the alveolar-capillary membrane.
The spiky asbestos fibers cause chronic inflammation and damage to the delicate type I alveolar cells and endothelial cells.
Fibrosis develops within the alveolar walls, thickening the membrane. This impairs gas diffusion, reducing the efficiency of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal.
The plaintiff may experience progressive dyspnea (shortness of breath) due to compromised gas exchange caused by the presence of asbestos within the alveolar-capillary membrane.
In summary, asbestos exposure affects both the pleura and the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to respiratory difficulties. The plaintiff’s symptoms align with the well-documented health effects of asbestos exposure, including asbestosis, pleural disease, and increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma1234.
Sunday, February 11, 2024
AI
Week 5 - Membranes: Elaborate
31 31 unread replies. 31 31 replies.
Consider the prompt below. You will receive 1 point for submitting a post of your own (3 sentences or more), after which you will be able to see your colleagues' posts. There is no requirement to reply to other students' posts in this discussion.
Discussion Prompt:
CourtroomPretend you’re called as an expert witness in a court case about asbestos. The person suing (the plaintiff) worked in an asbestos mine in Canada and says it is now hard for him to breathe due to exposure to asbestos. As an expert witness, use your A&P knowledge to describe to the judge how the asbestos could relate to the plaintiff's difficulties. You should...
Screen Shot 2018-10-23 at 1.47.37 AM.pngDescribe two different membranes that you think are likely impacted, including where those membranes are located, what specific tissue types they're are made of, and how you think the presence of spiky asbestos within those membranes could inhibit their normal functions.
This will be a chance to share and compare answers with colleagues from class and perhaps hear about more ideas/details that you might want to include in your response! You might want to open another window to go to earlier pages in this module and remind yourself of where asbestos can go to in the body.
- impact of Asbestos:
Asbestos fibers can reach the alveoli when inhaled. Once there, they interact with the alveolar-capillary membrane.
The spiky asbestos fibers cause chronic inflammation and damage to the delicate type I alveolar cells and endothelial cells.
Fibrosis develops within the alveolar walls, thickening the membrane. This impairs gas diffusion, reducing the efficiency of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal.
The plaintiff may experience progressive dyspnea (shortness of breath) due to compromised gas exchange caused by the presence of asbestos within the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Asbestos, a Canadian Mining Town, Votes to Detoxify Its Name
Asbestos, a Canadian Mining Town, Votes to Detoxify Its Name
The Quebec town is home to one of the world’s largest former asbestos mines. Residents voted to rename the town Val-des-Sources, or Valley of the Springs.
What's left of the Jeffrey Mine in Asbestos, Quebec, soon to be called Val-des-Sources.Credit...Eric Thomas/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
What's left of the Jeffrey Mine in Asbestos, Quebec, soon to be called Val-des-Sources.
By Marie Fazio
Oct. 21, 2020
Asbestos, a Quebec town that is home to what was once the largest asbestos mine in the world, no longer wants to be named after the carcinogen.
For two centuries, the town’s economic and cultural identity had been tied to the mineral. Blue water now fills the Jeffrey Mine, where workers mined tons of chrysotile asbestos, providing crucial material for fire insulation, including equipment for soldiers of two world wars.
But the association with the mine slowly turned into a burden for the town, as the mineral’s links to cancer became widely known. On Monday, the mayor of Asbestos announced that residents had voted to call the town Val-des-Sources, which translates as “Valley of the Springs.”
The town, about 100 miles east of Montreal, is home to 7,000 residents, some of whom have sought to distance themselves from the cancer-causing material that formed the backbone of the local economy and identity.
On Monday evening, after lengthy debates, committee meetings, discussions and days of residents’ voting from their cars because of the coronavirus pandemic, the mayor unveiled the people’s choice.
If all goes as expected, the town will be rid of the carcinogenic reference by December, the mayor said. The new name still needs the approval of the provincial government and the minister of municipal affairs and housing.
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Asbestos and Health
Asbestos and Health
Asbestos MineClick here (or find a PDF here
Download PDF here) to read a New York Times article regarding asbestos (note that the link includes articles on a few different topics, and you only need to review the brief, top article on asbestos).
Respond to what you read with at least a few sentences below. You might discuss...
What most stood out to you, surprised, or confused you in the article?
What else do you know about asbestos from your prior knowledge?
Have you ever encountered information about asbestos related to your home or work? (asbestos is extremely common in older buildings in the SF bay area!)
The End of a Once Mighty, Still Deadly Industry: the Canada Letter
The End of a Once Mighty, Still Deadly Industry: the Canada Letter
Canada’s positions on issues like same-sex marriage, immigration and, most recently, recreational marijuana have given it a reputation for progressiveness. But the government’s announcement this week that it was banning asbestos, a potent cause of cancer, came decades after many other nations took the step.
For more than a century, asbestos was a ubiquitous miracle fiber. Sprayed on the steel structure of buildings and inside ships, it suppressed fires. It was found in a type of home insulation and in roofing tiles, and was used to seal heating ducts. Asbestos was mixed with concrete to make pipes, woven into flameproof fabrics, and made into gaskets, building supplies and a variety of industrial goods. But inhaling even small quantities of its fibers could be deadly.
Canada’s ban comes 31 years after the World Health Organization first declared that asbestos causes cancer. Its harmful effects on workers’ lungs were identified as early as the 1920s, and many countries began limiting its use in the 1970s.
But Canada was once a major source of the world’s asbestos, and actively fought efforts to limit its use. Despite widespread scientific evidence to the contrary, it continued to claim that the form found in Quebec, chrysotile asbestos, was not harmful. As recently as 2000, the Canadian government challenged a ban by France on the imports of chrysotile asbestos at the World Trade Organization. Four years later, Canada blocked efforts to formally declare asbestos a hazardous material under an international agreement.
More on Canada
- A Sexual Assault Case: Accusations against five former junior hockey players in Canada have touched a nerve with hockey fans, leading many to question the way the nation’s governing body for the sport has responded to them.
- Medically Assisted Death: Canada postponed a plan to offer people suffering from mental illnesses the option of a medically assisted death after a parliamentary committee concluded that there are not enough doctors to meet the needs of patients across the country.
- Emergency Law Use: A Canadian court found that Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s use of the country’s Emergencies Act to end a truck convoy protest that had paralyzed Ottawa in 2022 was an unjustified infringement of civil rights.
- Crucial Forests Devoured: A study finds that logging in Ontario and Quebec, two of the country’s main commercial logging regions, has inflicted severe damage to the vast boreal forests that are crucial to fighting climate change.
Over the years, asbestos became the leading cause of workplace deaths in Canada.
Asbestos kills in several ways. It can cause lung cancer, it can lead to mesothelioma, a fast-acting cancer that attacks major organs, and asbestosis, a cancer that hardens the lungs and ultimately suffocates its victims. In addition to miners, construction workers and shipyard workers were also widely affected. Even now it continues to be found in brake pads and brake linings of heavy trucks.
asbestos - chronic lungs disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers
What does asbestos do to humans?
Asbestosis (as-bes-TOE-sis) is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
Prolonged exposure to these fibers can cause lung tissue scarring and shortness of breath.
Asbestosis symptoms can range from mild to severe, and usually don't appear until many years after initial exposure.
read the article ( click the link )
https://biology40a.blogspot.com/2024/02/the-end-of-once-mighty-still-deadly.html
The End of a Once Mighty, Still Deadly Industry: the Canada Letter
Week 5 homework assignment
Pretend a friend tells you, “I can’t believe I still get pimples even though I’m not a kid anymore! My doctor keeps telling me not to poke or scratch at my pimples, but I always want to just get them off!”
Use an A&P perspective to explain why your friend’s doctor would say to not poke or scratch pimples. Use the words “myofibroblasts,” “collagen,” and "migrate" in your answer.
Discussion
Scratching or poking pimples can worsen inflammation.Pimples are like tiny battlegrounds where myofibroblasts and collagen fight to restore harmony. Scratching or poking pimples create irregular scar tissue instead of smooth collagen. Myofibroblasts are working hard to keep their skin intact thus should not peel off , scratches or poke the pimples.
Application question 6 (week5)
The doctor advised not to poke or scratch the pimples because it is not only worsening the inflammation but also potentially caused fibrosis or "scarring." When you scratched it disturb the delicate balance of skin cells and the collagen fiber in repair process. Myofibroblasts are are activated and trying to repair the damage. Myofibroblasts migrate to the wounded area, alert by chemical signals to produce of collagen, synthesis and other extracellular matrix proteins. When you keep scratching it disturb the healing process instead of smooth collagen, it's create irregular scar tissue causing permanent scarring.
Week 5 - Introduction & Goals
This Week's Goals
We
are continuing our progression toward larger and larger structures in
the human body and over the coming days will finally begin our
discussions of organ systems, starting with the skin! Of course, even
as we explore structures at larger sizes/scales, we want to keep our
focus on the "A&P perspective" of the human body. That means
continuing to adopt a cellular and molecular perspective related to the
larger structures and organ systems we discuss. In this set of module
activities, we will initiate a discussion of some key body membranes.
This will lead us to the last of the membranes we will study - the skin -
which we will dig into next week!
Given all of the above, we will seek to...
- Explain some of the dangers of asbestos exposure using a knowledge of tissues & membranes
Asbestos and Health
Click here (or find a PDF here
Download PDF here) to read a New York Times article regarding asbestos (note that the link includes articles on a few different topics, and you only need to review the brief, top article on asbestos).
Respond to what you read with at least a few sentences below. You might discuss...
- What most stood out to you, surprised, or confused you in the article?
- What else do you know about asbestos from your prior knowledge?
- Have you ever encountered information about asbestos related to your home or work? (asbestos is extremely common in older buildings in the SF bay area!)
application question 2
When the person was infected corona virus the patient having the symptom of high temperature. During a fever, when body is maintaining a temperature of 101°F, it is actually operating within a negative feedback loop.The hypothalamus (a part of the brain) acts as the body’s thermostat and detects this elevated temperature.When the temperature elevated releasing chemical signal reported to the brain causing the body to generate more heat. In response, the hypothalamus triggers various physiological mechanisms to reduce the body temperature and restore back to the normal range. Conclusion, during a fever, body efforts to reduce the elevated temperature (such as sweating and vasodilation) demonstrate a negative feedback loop, as they aim to restore the normal body temperature.
In my point of view homeostasis usually involves negative feedback loops, in this scenario elevated body temperature can define positive loop. When trying to rely the cause I can able to figure out why we get fever. Finally,I clearly understand that because of of the microorganism causing body response resulting having fever. Our body trying fight the virus by increasing the body temperature to kill the virus.
revised application question 1
Our body maintains calcium by homeostasis. When we don’t consume enough calcium through our diet, the body compensates by adjusting calcium levels.A special gland parathyroid gland is the control center that senses changes in blood calcium levels and responds accordingly. Low calcium (stimulus) triggers the (effector) parathyroid hormone release.Parathyroid hormone stimulates bone cells to break down bone tissue this process is called resorption. As a result, calcium is released from the bones into the bloodstream.When blood calcium returns to normal, PTH secretion stopped.This is the example of Negative Feedback Loop.The system self-regulates to prevent extreme deviations from the set point.Ultimately, this helps prevent conditions like osteoporosis.
1) What was most interesting or most confusing about the these resources?
After reading of the article about "Just Skin Deep — Your Immune System at the Surface" how our skin and T cells is helpful which protect our body from infection.In the past, i thought the homeostasis action occur in the internal body system after reading this article i found out that human skin and cell are broadly related to our immune system and it's involved in homeostasis process and in skin diseases are really helpful in the areas of research. Although reading about the skin and cell is complex and caused me confused at the beginning when trying to read more relevant information it make me more curious about the skin and cell related to our immune system. I am more curious reading about these important and function.I have learned about how T cells is important and a crucial component of our immune system. These T cell helps to destroyed the infected cell and also help to combat tumor each T-cell is uniquely designed to combat a specific threat.
Learning about skin and cell is complex, finally I clearly understand about CD8+ T cells, which called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) how they played important role for our body. How the cell helps target and destroy cells infected with viruses, bacteria, and even tumor cells and also ensuring the infected cell doesn’t spread the virus. These cell help memorized the specific infection and repeating attack the specific antigen. T-cells are active role players in the adaptive immune system in our body.CD8+ T-cells very important for our the immune system’s and also important for health and survival.
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se cs of fibrosis Fibroblasts Clot formation Macrophages Connected tissue process Wound contraction process Regenerate healing process -
Sun, Dec 17, 2023, 1:49 PM Dear Winter 2024 Bio 40A Students, I hope this note finds you well in the midst of the winter holiday season! ...
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