Basic Anatomical position

Standardised method - 

Facing observer 

With upper extremities places at the sides 

Palm facing forward 

Different region

Cervical 

Trunk 

Lower limb and upper limb

Thoracic 

Abdominal region

Pelvic region

Upper extremities 

Lower extremities 

Direction -

Ulnar 

Proximal

Distal 

Superior 

Inferior 

The bladder inferior to the stomach 

Lateral

Lateral to the midline 

1. Superior 
2. Inferior 
3. Anterior 
4. Posterior 
5. Medial 
6. Intermediate ( between two structure ) 
7. Lateral ( at the opposite site of the body)
8. Superficial 
9. Deep 

Planes and sections 

Ssagittal 

Gray matter 

White matter 

Vestibule - cerebrospinal fluid 

SBody cavities 

Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect , separate and support internal organ 

Serous membranes Peritoneum cover the abdominal organs 

Retroperitoneal 

Abdminopelvic regions quadrants 

9 region

 

Visceral layer 

Parietal layer (closed to the wall ) 

Thoracic cavity 

- Pleura- cover the heart and lungs 

Medical imaging - To diagnosed anatomical and and physiological abnormalities 

1. Present of stone 
2. Soft tissue 
3. Intestine 
4. Bladder
5. Can observe the artery
6. Bone abnormality - osteoporosis 
7. What is MRI 
8. What is CT scan 
9. To highlight soft tissue 
10. Ultrasound 
11. Can trace Molecules (CT- computer positron)
12. Glucose highly 
13. OGD scopy - colonoscopy after 55 years old routine test to rules out colorectal cancer 
14. 
    

openstax text book anatomy and physiology

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