Both the visceral and the parietal pleura play an important role in fluid homeostasis in the pleural space. A pleural effusion represents a disturbance of this equilibrium, probably because of both increased production and decreased resorption. Low oncotic pressure (e.g., in hypoalbuminemia), elevated pulmonary capillary pressure, increased permeability, lymphatic obstruction, and diminished negative intrapleural pressure are all pathophysiological components that lead to the clinically relevant and distinguishing features of a pleural effusion—transudate vs. exudate. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647819/#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20causes%20of,the%20further%20diagnostic%20work%2Dup.
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Sun, Dec 17, 2023, 1:49 PM Dear Winter 2024 Bio 40A Students, I hope this note finds you well in the midst of the winter holiday season! ...
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Digestive System Histology GI Tract Learning Objectives Describe the histological characteristics of the layers comprising each segment of...
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